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Culture of Goa



Goa is known for a unique culture which is quite different from other parts of India. Goa which is home to the people of different religions has very easy going and relaxed culture. Goans (the people of Goa) are still following their rich culture and tradition and at the same time we find them to be much ahead of the time and the trend of world. Goa is such a place in India where you will find the people of different religions not having any issue or arguing and fighting the over the religious issues. Everyone here is free to follow any life styles, wear any type of clothes , follow any religion, tradition and eat whatever they like, be it vegetarian or non-vegetarian food. This kind of life style is not seen in other part of India where tradition and religion are inseparable from the lives of the people. 

Goans are very passionate about the music. In fact the music is integral part of lives of the people of Goa. Goans had wide variety of choice of music. From Indian music to western one they are indeed die-hard fans of Music. For the last some years they have taken a much liking to the western music and have wide variety of choice of western music. Music is such deeply rooted in Goa’s culture that most of the people can play a couple of musical instruments. Goa has seen the Portuguese rule for long time and therefore it is little surprise that most of the songs they sing and music they play have the touch of Portugal tune and style.

Portuguese rule in Goa has seen many people converting to Christianity and hence you will find many people of Goa following the Christian religion. But at the same time they have not forgotten their tradition completely. The people of Goa are seen celebrating festival of all religion with equal zest. Along with many churches built largely during the Portuguese rule there are many temples in situated in Goa. Sea food in Goa is a famous in the world. Rather it has become a synonymous with Goa and has got it worldwide appreciation. Goa is one of those few places in the world which offers wide range of sea foods. Wide varieties of fishes, prawns, mussels, crabs and oysters are used for the numerous dishes of sea food. 

Night life in Goa is very vibrant and Goa is much ahead from metros of India in this respect. It is said that Goa never sleeps. It is after the sun set that the beaches of Goa come alive. Music, dance, lights etc make Goa one of most sought after destination in India.

History of Goa



Rock engravings found near the Kushavati River takes the history of Goa back to 6000-8000BC. Other artifacts founds there belongs to 10000BC. Much is not known about era of Goa. In 2200 BC it was inhabited by Indo Aryan after which it was Dravidian of Deccan who made Goa their home. In 3rd century Goa was part of Maurya Empire under the Buddhist ruler Ashoka. This was the time of Goa when Buddhist monks laid the foundation of Buddhism in Goa. Then afterwards Goa came under the rule of Satvahan of Kholapur which continued to rule it for four centuries. Southern Silharas of Konkan ruled Goa from 765 to 1015 as feudatories of Chaulukyas and Rashtrakutas. Over the next few centuries Goa witnessed the rule of several Kadambas as feudatories of Chaulukya of Kalyani. During this time Jainism was patronized in Goa. 

In 1312 Goa came under the rule of Delhi sultanate. But they could not hold it for long and had to lose it to Vijanagar kingdom who continued to rule Goa till 1469. Then Goa was captured by Bahmani sultans of Gulbarga only to surrender it to Adil Shahis of Bijapur who founded their auxiliary capital there. Portuguese then defeated the Bijapur Kingdom with the support of local ally Timayya. During the rule of Portuguese Goa was known as Velha Goa. Goa witnessed the long rule of Portuguese until it was annexed to Indian Republic. In 1843 the capital was changed from Velha Goa to Panjim. During this time territory under the occupation was extended to the present Goa state’s border. 

In Aug-1947 India got independence from the British. But Portuguese refused to transfer the Indian enclave of Goa. In 1961 Indian Army started their Operation Vijay that led to Goa’s freedom from Portuguese and subsequently its annexation to Indian Republic. Goa, along with Daman and Diu was union territory of India until 1987 when it was made twenty-fifth state of India.
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Fairs and festivals of Jhansi







The culture of Jhansi is just like any other city’s culture in India. People here generally celebrate all the festivals of the state, and also some local festivals. Jhansi Festival in Uttar Pradesh is a tourism festival organized in the month of February / March every year. A cultural program of dance and music with mushairas and kavi sammelan (poet’s meet) and Ghazals is held here. The art, crafts and culture of the land is reveled in front of the guests. Apart from cultural shows, these days an Ayurvedic system of medicine for different ailments is shown here so as to publicize the town as the center of health tourism. The feast of St. Jude is organized on 28Th October which attracts many people from near and far.

History of Jhansi




 Jhansi is a small town in the province of Uttar Pradesh.Chhatrasal was the Bundela King and ruler of Jhansi in the year 1732. Then the Mughal emperor always disturbed Jhansi, so the help of Marathas was taken on the promise of 1/3 rd. of kingdom of Jhansi upon the death of the king. Upon the death of Chhatrasal the Marathas developed Jhansi and its adjoining places. Later on Maratha rulers Peshwa surrendered his rights over Jhansi to British East India Company. When Maharaja of Jhansi died without an heir his Queen Laxhmibai was not allowed to adopt a child as it was customary in those times. And later Jhansi was annexed by the British Governor General of India. Rani Lakshmibai opposed this annexure; she fought bravely and died fighting in Gwalior. Jhansi came under British rule only in 1858 and became part of united province and was taken in Uttar Pradesh after India’s independence in the year 1947.      
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Tourist Places in Kolkata


Kolkata is the capital of West Bengal state in India. It is the cultural capital of India and commercial capital of Eastern India. It is a city with a rich heritage. Kolkata wears a glowing look from October to March. Sunshine, gentle winter, lights, colours, fairs, festivals and excursions, the temper is infectious and spirit sweeping. 

Here see some top tourist destinations to visit in Kolkata:- 

Birla Mandir :
  Birla Mandir depicts the ideals of Hinduism as enshrined in the Vedas and Upanishads and their application to everyday life.The construction of the temple began in 1970. It took 26 years to complete the entire structure.The sight of Birla Temple at night which is all decked up with electric divas and sparkling chandeliers makes for a truly ethereal experience. 




Belur Math :
  The magnificent Belur Math is located on the West Bank of the  Ganga river..Symbolising the harmonious coexistence of various religions in India .The Math is also the control center of Ramakrishna Mission.





Nicco Park:
Nico Park is the Disneyland for Kolkattans with its various adventure rides. Popularly known as Jheel Meel. Nicco park is one of the biggest amusement parks in the country and has innovative entertainment for all age group.

Birla Technology Museum:
The first science museum in India and has several separate galleries exhibiting various wonders of science. Special Attraction is Underground Mock-up Coal Mine, Rabbit House, Snake Pits, Aquarium, Aviary, Bonsai and Cacti Garden. Television and Scientific film shows are held frequently. Museum Hours:10 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. Open every day except Mondays.

Victoria Memoria:
It is created by Sir william Emerson,President of British institure os Architects in 1921. This memorial dedicated to Queen Victoria provides an insight into Indian History right from the arrival of British to the Independence era.

M.P. Birla Planetarium :
It constructed in 1962.This planetarium presents a series of shows wherein numerous scientific theories and discoveries are displayed on the gigantic dome while the commentary in various Indian languages and English explains the intricate world of planets, galaxies, solar system, and life cycles of stars.
Zoological Garden :
Oldest and largest Zoos of India.It also has many varieties flora and fauna It comprises several animals,birds and rare species.

Fair and Festivals in Kolkata


Durga Puja

  Kolkata the cultural capital of India celebrates its many festivals with much fanfare. Celebration of the festival is a rejoicing time for the young and old alike. It also brings the city of Kolkata alive when all the people are seen taking actively part in the celebrations of the festivals which also include the food, fanfare, noise, hymns, procession etc.

Kali puja is a one of the most prominent religious festival of Kolkata. It is celebrated nineteen days after the Durga puja. The festival is celebrated in honor of goddess Kali. Puja (prayer) is offered in the mid-night on the new moon day of Karthik month. People are seen praying to goddess Kali who is considered as protector of her devotees from all kinds of evil. 

Durga puja is another important festival celebrated with great enthusiasm. The festival come in the month of October and mark the mythological incidence of goddess Durga killing the demon named Mahisasura. On the occasion of the festival people offers the prayer to goddess kali who is also known as the goddess of power. 

Kolkata also celebrates it another important festival Lakshami Puja in the month of October. The festival honors Lakshami the goddess of wealth and prosperity. It is believed that on the occasion of the Lakshami puja the goddess comes to the home and bestows her devotees with wealth and prosperity. 

Besides these religious festivals the city of Kolkata is also known for its other major event like Kolkata Book Fair and Kolkata Film Festival. Kolkata Book Fair is much eagerly awaited annual occasion for the people of Kolkata. It is the third largest book fair in the world. The festival is based on new theme every year. Many prominent dignitaries are invited on the occasion. It is non-trade book festival visited by thousands of people from far and wide. Kolkata Film Festival is another much awaited event in Kolkata. The festival is organized every year by the Kolkata Film Center and Government of west Bengal.

Culture of Indore





 Indore has a rich culture with glorious past.Indore is multi -layered cultural city. The city which has grown into cosmopolitan post –independence and known as heart of Madhya Pradesh is home to different people of different culture, regions and casts and religions. Over the years Indore has been welcoming people of from differ parts o the country and thus have become multicultural city. After the independence of India the city has made great stride in many areas economy, education, which have attracted thousands of people from various part of the country. Indore has developed in to a major industrial city of India & commercial capital of Madhya Pradesh. Many people living in the city are business persons, merchants, traders and office goers, while many others belong to the working class. Royal heritage and simplicity of Indore have been attracting visitors.
The city of Indore is known for its food and festival. Indore has gained wide acclaim from all over the country for its variety of cuisine with fine tastes and flavor. Dal-Bafla, Nihari Goshti and Bafla-Goshti are some of dishes Indore is famous for. Hindi is the official language of Indore. It is also the widely spoken language in the state. A number of people are found speaking various dialects like Malvi, Bundelkhandi, and Chhattisgarhi. As the city of Indore has been inhabited by people of other states languages of other states can be heard here. Marathi, Gujarati, Sindhi, etc are some of them.

Fairs and Festivals of Indore





 Indore is the commercial capital of Madhya Pradesh.Festivals form an important element of culture. The city of Indore which has seen large scale development over the years and has grown in to a modern one has preserved this prominent element of culture. Among many other major national festivals like Deepawali and Dussera the city of Indore celebrates its important festivals with much fanfare. Festival and fairs serves the occasions where one can have the glimpses of culture of the people, their rituals, ceremonies etc. Anant Chaudas, Rangpanchami and Ahilya Utsav are some of prominent festivals celebrated with great enthusiast in Indore.

The festival of Anant Chaudas is celebrated in the month of September every year. Indore celebrates the festival with great much pomp and show. Though celebration of the festival starts in the morning it is night when the people take out a large procession of huge idols of Lord Ganesha.The festival ends with the immersion of these idols in to local water bodies.

Rangpanchami is another major festival of Indore.It is one of the oldest festivals of Indore.The festival used to be celebrated during the rule of Holkar.For keeping the rich tradition going on and keep the memory of their famed kings alive the people have preserved this cultural heritage by celebrating the festival with great enthusiasm. Rangpanchami in Indore is celebrated after the five days of Holi festival.On the day of festival of Rangpanchami people come out spraying colors on each other.Municipal authority also joins them by spreading colors on streets of the city. Ahilya Utsav is another major event celebrated every year in Indore. The festival is celebrated in the memory of great queen Rani Ahilya Bai Holkar on her death anniversary.

Culture of Kolkata

 







Kolkata popularly known as the city of joy boasts of being the cultural capital of India. Culture of Kolkata can be seen in its arts, music, dance, literature, cinema, theatre, dramas, etc. The city of Kolkata is known for its Para culture which segregates the communities of the people of Kolkata on the basis of their origin. Adda has become an important part of culture of Kolkata. Adda is a chat session when people of the same socio-economic strata gather together at their club house and have informal discussion over various issue like politics, religion, sports, literature, socio-economic issues and many other current affairs. 

Graffiti was very much in vogue till recently when Kolkata High court banned graffiti on the walls of private estate without prior permission from the owner of the property. It had become an important tool of spreading political and socio-economic thoughts. Kolkata has conserved its long tradition of jatra. Jatra is open folk theatre plying a four hours play with heavy lighting, high dramatic props and loud music.

Rabindra Nritya Natya, Rabindra Sangeet is an important part of life of people of Kolkata. These songs and dance-songs sequence composed by the Rabindranath Tagore hold much significance in Kolkata and Bengal as a whole. Nazrul Geeti is another integral part of Kolkata. These are the Bengali songs sung by famous slinger Nazrul.

Kolkata takes pride in being birth place of many noteworthy personalities who by their writing inspired not just people of Bengal but of other parts of the country. Literature of Kolkata and Bengal state as whole is one of the richest in India. The literature had the power to change and shape the minds of the people during the colonial rule in India. As a matter fact it played an important role in India’s freedom struggle. Rabindranath Tagore, Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Kazi Nazrul Islam etc are some of prominent literary persons the city of Kolkata has produced. Today city of Kolkata is still producing many literary persons who are making Kolkata feel proud by their writing which are also bringing laurels on world arena. 

When it comes to eating Kolkata does not lag behind as it offers wide variety of delicious cuisine. Rice served Macher jhol (fish curry) is the common element of dishes of Kolkata. Mouth watering Rasgulla is also famous in Kolkata. Rolls and Puchka are the major streets foods of Kolkata. Puchka is known as Golgappa in north India and Paanipuri in western part of India. It is fried wheat hollow crispy bolls which are served with filling spicy potato and herbed tamarind water.
Cinema is also one part of multi-layered culture of Kolkata. If Mumbai serves to be the base of professional cinema, Kolkata is hub of producing art films which have acquired wide international acclaim. Kolkata film festival which held annually at various theaters is an important event in the city.

History of Kolkata





  History of Kolkata does not have a long history. As per the documents found, the history of the city starts with the arrival of the British East India Company in 1690. The company at that time was strengthening its base in Bengal. Job Charmock of the company was being considered as the founder the city of Kolkata till recently in 2003 when the Kolkata high court ruled that city does not have any specific founder. The present city of Kolkata was once divided in three small villages namely Kalikata, Gobindapur and Sutanuti. These regions were earlier the parts of Mughal estate and a local family was holding its Jahagirdari rights. It was in 1698 that these rights came to the East India Company.

The British built the Fort William in 1712 and made Calcutta as a Presidency City. Later on Calcutta was declared as capital of Bengal Presidency. Sensing the possible threat from French force the British further fortified the city. Nawab of Bengal Siraj-Ud-Daulah captured the fort William only to lose it back to the British. The year 1772 saw the city of Calcutta becoming the capital of British India. Government area of the city was extended up to the bank of Hooghly River. Richard Wellesley who was the Governor General from 1797 to 1805 is credited for the development and beautiful architectural buildings in the city that made Calcutta to be known as the city of palaces. During the time of British rule in India, Calcutta also served as a major center of Opium trading.

Calcutta during the British rule produced a new class of people called as Babu. Office goers, bureaucrats, professional, news paper readers referred popularly as Babus. These people belonged to the upper casts of Hindu communities. Calcutta became the center of independence movements. Partition of Bengal in 1905 by the British on communal basis led to wide agitations in the city along with other parts of the country. This communal move of the British also witnessed the boycott of British goods in Calcutta. It was in 1911 that the capital of British India was changed from Calcutta to Delhi. Calcutta and its port were attacked by Japan during the Second World War In addition it was the infamous Bengal famine of 1943 which witnessed many people starving to death. 

After the independence of India in 1947 the city of Calcutta witnessed many social, economic and political movements which had the long lasting impression on the city and state of west Bengal as a whole. Marxist movement during 1960-1970 led the city and the state to economic stagnation. During the Bangladesh liberation war the city saw a large influx of people of that country and that led to a massive collapse of city’s infrastructure. Calcutta was the most populous city till 1980 when it was overtaken by Mumbai. It was in January 2001 that the name of Calcutta was changed to Kolkata.
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History of Indore




Situated on the banks of Narmada River in Malva region of Madhya Pradesh, the city of Indore does not have a long history. Rao Nandal Chaudhary is considered to be the founder of the city. Chaudhary is the name given to the family in Mughal time. The family has special right during the Mughal Empire. Rao Nandal was once given warm welcome in the Court of Mughal Empire when he visited the Delhi. He was also gifted with two gold studded swords. Rao Nandal also had a good relation with the Raja Sawai Jaisingh of Jaipur. In 1713 the Mughal gave charge to Nizam for controlling the Deccan Plateau which led the revival of struggle between Maratha and Mughal. It also soured the relation between Rao Nandal and Mughal.

 Rao Nandal who has a force of about 2000 soldiers found the place near Indreshwara temple to be safe and he started bringing his people there. He built the fort of Sri Sansthan Baba Ravala to protect the people from the harassment of the Mughal. The city was first named as the Indrapur after the name of Indreshwara temple. It later on came to be known as Indore.

 In 1733 Bajirao Peshava took the region under his control and appointed Malhar Rao Holkar as the Subhedar of the region and thus it marked beginning the reign of Holkars. Thus Indore and the region known as Malva came under the rule of Holkar dynasty under the Maratha Empire. Then it was rule by the successor of Holkar dynasty Ahilyabai Holkar from 1767 to 1795. She ruled the region from a palace-fort of Maheshwar. She was defeated by the British in third Anglo-Maratha war and thereafter the region came under the control of British. British continued to rule the city of Indore till Agu-1947 when India got the freedom from the British rule. After the independence of India Indore and other princely states became the parts of Madhya Bharat state. In 1956 the Madhya Bharat was included in the state of Madhya Pradesh. 
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History of Jabalpur


 Jabalpur is one of the major city in a Madhya Pradesh state, India. Jabalpur is even known as Sanskaardhaani, which means "cultural capital" in the Hindi language and "Land of Gondwanas".

The history of Jabalpur dates back to Ashoka Period in about 300 BCE (as known from the ruins of Rupnath near Jabalpur). In about 9th century Karanbel (a place just outside present day Jabalpur) was the capital of  Kalchuri kingdom. Later in CE 675 Raja Mandalik belonging to Parmar Dynasty won the kingdom from Raja Bamraj Dev then the rule was spread up to Madhya Pradesh,UP, Bihar, Bengal, Nepal, Orissa, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. The rule of Kaluchari Kings was the longest from 915 – 1543 CE the King Yuvrajdev ruled longest among them. Afterwards between the rule of Gonds and Maratha, the descendants of Kaluchari ruled the kingdom till 1947 when Beohar Raghuvir Simha was the Jagirdar of Jabalpur his family still lives in Jabalpur. Jabalpur was an active center during the freedom struggle of India. All agitations got active and strong support here. Because Mahatma Gandhi had special attachments with Jabalpur his ashes were brought to the city and immersed at the Tilwara ghat in Jabalpur.                                                                                                     
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