Rajkot is third largest city in the state of Gujarat.Since its foundation till this date Rajkot has seen rules of many different rulers. Rajkot was located in the center of Saurashtra state on the western side of River Aji; it was founded by Sardhar and Vishal Kanjariya in 1607 AD. Rajkot was overtaken by a Faujdar of Junagadh’s Nawab ‘Masum Khan’ in 1720 AD, who changed its name to Masumabad. Later Jadejas with the help of Raviraj Gadhvi won back Masumabad and restored back its original name Rajkot. Afterwards Pradumansinh Jadeja merged Rajkot in The Indian Union on India achieving Independence in 1947. It was under the bilingual Bombay state as the capital of Saurashtra till 1960 when Gujarat state was formed and Rajkot finally brought under Gujarat Rule.   

Visakhapatnam located in the Andhra Pradesh state in India is basically an important industrial hub, sea port in India. Visakhapatnam was a small village engaged in fishing during start of 20Th century.  Its growth started with building of a harbor and establishing Scindia Steam Navigation Company here. Later after Independence of India, Visakhapatnam has been developed into a major Industrial town  with establishment of many public sector companies like Bharat Heavy Plates & Vessels Ltd. Hindustan Zinc Limited, Caltex Refineries Ltd. (now H.P.C.L.), Visakhapatnam Steel Plant, N.T.P.C., Shmhadri Thermal Power Plant, Dredging Corporation of India Ltd. Etc. As the Eastern Naval Command, Steel Plant and H.P.C.P. are located here we see a cultural mix of the people here in Visakhapatnam. Telugu is predominantly spoken language in Visakhapatnam. The local population is mostly Telugu and Oriya who have moved to the area from nearby Orissa and Kalinga. Now many BPO’s and Software companies have started coming here and many NRI are settling here, thereby pushing up real estate prices. The economic growth of this place can be attributed to the availability of convent educated English speaking workforce of the city. Puffed rice, chopped onions, tomatoes, boiled peas, Idlis, Upmas and Dosas are famous food here.

 Visakhapatnam now is one of the India’s largest sea ports with a natural harbor on the Bay of Bengal on the eastern cost of Andhra Pradesh state of India. Apart from being a major seaport on east coast it also houses the Eastern Naval Command Headquarters and is a home to various public sector companies. In olden days Visakhapatnam was ruled by King Visakha Varma during BC period.  In about 260 BC it was under the rule of Emperor Ashoka and was attached to Kalinga Kingdom. Later it was passed over to Vengi Kings and finally to Pallavas of Andhra Pradesh. The city finds its mention in epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata. Later texts of Hindu mention that in 5Th century the city was under Kalinga rule which was extended up to Godavari River. After wards King Ashoka won over Kalinga in the most ghastly battle which ultimately led Ashoka to embrace Buddhism. The territory of Visakhapatnam later came under the rule of vengi passed on to Pallavs and was attached to Surya Vamsi Gajpati kings of Orissa from 10Th Century to 16Th century AD.

 The temples in Visakhapatnam were built under Gajpati Kings during 11Th and 12Th century. In 16Th century the kingdom came under Nizam rule of Hyderabad. During later half of 16Th Century the natural harbor was used by French, and other European traders  for export of Paddy, Tobacco, Iron Ore, Coal, Ivory and Muslin and other textile products to Europe and other western countries. In the 18Thcentury the costal Andhra and Costal Orissa region was under French rule and later passed on to British rule. After India’s Independence Visakhapatnam was the biggest district in India, so it was divided into three districts of Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam.

             Gorakhpur lies on the north eastern side of Uttar Pradesh bordering Nepal on its northern side. It is a proposed capital of yet to be formed Purvanchal state. It is named after the saint Gorakhnath of Middle Ages. The world’s largest publisher of Hindu religious books ‘The Gita Press’ is located here in Garakhpur. According to Vedic writings the earliest ruler of the land was Iksvaku whose capital was at Ayadhoya. The great King Chandra Gupta Maurya belonged to this land. Lord Gautam Buddha renounced his royal status and set out for meditation from a spot at the confluence of Rivers Rapti and Rohini near here. The town finds its mention in the epic Mahabharata when Bhima visits Gorakhpur to request saint Gorakhnath to be present at his Rajsurya Yagna.

 The appearance of Bhagavan Mahavir (the 24^Th Tirthankara of Jainism) was at a place near here and his mahaparivan was witnessed at pava 15 Kms away from Kushinagar. Saint Kabir the spiritualist poet and saint was from village Maghar, a place 20 Kms. From Gorakhpur. People still throng his burial place to pay their respects to the saint. From 1803 Gorakhpur came under the British rule. It was a vibrating center during the freedom struggle of India. It was at the forefront of 1857 uprising. Later during freedom struggle Gorakhpur was always in action. The chauri Chaura incidence took place in Gorakhpur where 19 policemen were killed by the freedom fighter activists. Mahatma Gandhi severely aggrieved at the situation called off his Non-Cooperation movement. After announcement of Quit India Movement Jawaharlal Nehru was imprisoned here in Doharia Kala in Sahjanwal Teshil. Nine people died when an unprovoked firing was opened on the protest rally organized against Nehru’s arrest. Ram Prasad Bismil a daring freedom fighter was accused of Kakori massacre plot and was hanged in Gorakhpur district jail here.      

 The city of Tiruchirappalli is commonly known as Trichy. It is the fourth largest city in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Trichy which boasts of having great history is also rich in its culture and traditions. Residents of Trichy are known as Tiruchiite. Along with Tamil people, Malayalam, English, Marathi and Hindi speaking people also form a part of the Trichy society.   With the influx of students and industrial workers from different part of the country Trichy has got a cosmopolitan look. 

Rich culture of Trichy can be seen in its beautiful crafts, traditional attires, festivals, cuisine etc. Textile weaving, leather works, gem-cutting etc are prominent artworks in Trichy. Wooden idol of gods and goddesses of Hindu are found on sale at crafts stores in the city. Coming to the dressing style of the people of Trichy it is seen that the city, like most urban parts of the country, has changed with the time and has taken to modern way of dressing.  Young boys and even girls are found in jeans, T shirts and other western style of outfits.  Though the city of Trichy is popular for its delicious south Indian cuisines, it also serves the visitors wide varieties of food dishes of different part of the country. Fairs and festivals also form an integral part of the culture of the people of Trichy.

 Trichy is one of the oldest inhabited cities of Tamil Nadu.  Its earlier settlement dates back to 2nd BC when it was under the rule of Cholas. Uraiyur which presently forms suburb area of the city served as the capital place of the Cholas. Trichy was under rule of Cholas till 3rd century AD. From 6th to 8th century the entire southern part of India was under the rule of Palva kings.  Mahendravarman the Palva king built the famous cave-temple of Rockfort near Trichy during the period. After the decline of the Palvas, Trichy came under the rule of medieval Cholas who ruled the region till the 13th century. Thereafter Trichy witnessed the rules of several kingdoms. It also experienced the rule of Vijayanagara kingdom and then Madurai Nayak Kingdom till 1736. Trichy also served as the place of capital during the period of Madurai Nayak kingdom.

The last ruler of Madurai Nayak kingdom Meenakshi committed suicide and subsequently the region was captured by Chanda Sahib in 1736. Chanda Sahib could not hold it for long and had to lose it to Maratha in 1741.  Later on Trichy came under the rule of Carnetic kingdom. It was in the year 1801 that the Carnetic kingdom was annexed to the British Empire in India. British continued to rule it until 1947 when India got independence. During British rule Trichy rose to significance for its variety of cheroot. It was also the second largest city in Madras presidency only after the city of Madras. Post independence era of India also witnessed the large scale development of the city of Trichy.