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History of Jamnagar


History of Jamnagar
              Jamnagar is a municipal city in the state of Gujarat, India. The city also serves as the head quarter of Jamnagar district. According to mythology Lord Sri Krishna, the eight incarnation of the Lord Vishnu, founded his capital at Dwaraka in Jamnagar district. Dwarkadhish Temple situated in Dwarka is believed to be built by Vajarnabh, great grandson of Lord Sri Krishna. Jams of Nawanagar (the earlier name of Jamnagar) are believed to be the descendents of Yadavas. Jams established their kingdom at Nawanagar. The kingdom was known as Halar and it was Jam Raval who had founded the city of Jamnagar (then Nawanagar) in 1540 as the capital fortress of their kingdom. The place where the main city was set up by Jam Raval forms the inner part of present city of Jamnagar. This part of city is known as Darbargadh and it houses Darabargadh palace and other historic buildings belonging to the period 16th century. Ashapur Temple situated there is also said to be built by Jam Raval.
           Jamnagar was ruled by several descendents of Jams Dynasty. Jamnagar continued to grow even after the arrival of British in India. Under the British control Jams continued to rule the city until 1947 when India got freedom from colonial rule. It was in 1949 the Jamnagar district was formed. In 1956 it became the part of Bombay presidency until 1st May 1960 when the presidency was divided in two states namely Maharashtra and Gujarat. Jamnagar remained with Gujarat state and has now grown into an important city of the state.

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History of Surat



 Surat is the commercial capital city of Gujarat state.During Mahabharata period Lord Krishna Once stayed in Surat while going to Dwarka from Mathura. The city was under western Chalukyas rule in 610 AD and was under Hindu rulers till 12Th AD. When Qutub-uddin- Aibak over took the rulings. The Parsis made it their home during 12Thcentury and added to the prosperity of the city. During those days Surat was the gate way to Mecca for central India. During Mogul period Surat was a popular sea port, the charm was lost to Bombay from British Rule onwards. Surat has a history of tragedies struck on it during various occasions. In 1512 and 1530 the city of Surat was burned and destroyed by Portuguese. The British won Surat from Portuguese in 1615 after winning battle of Swally. In 1664 The Maratha king Shivaji conquered the city and looted both Mughal as well as Portuguese trading centers.  In 1662 Surat was surrendered to British as a part of dowry for Catherine (The Braganza Princess) on her wedding with Prince Charles II, this was a real blow to the prosperity of the city.          

Further downfall of Surat’s economy occurred when British opened their first mill in Bombay in 1668.  In 1670 Shivaji Maratha again attacked Surat and looted it. By 1800 AD Surat again came under of British control. There was a relative calm during British rule even during 1857 revolt for India’s Independence the city was at peace. In 1837 A great fire and Floods afterwards destroyed the city. A wealthy family ‘Bawamia family’ helped develop the city by increasing exports and investments in Diamond trade. By 20Th century the city was on the top of trading and manufacturing activities. Cotton Mills, Ginning and Pressing mills, Rice cleaning Mills, paper mills, cotton weaving hand looms, special silk and Gold Embroidery etc were the business flourishing then. 

In 1992 a worst kind of Hindu Muslim roits took place in Surat causing a large damage to property and men. In 1994 a very heavy rainfall with blocked drainage caused havoc in the Surat town when the city was submerged under water for weeks. Dead animals and public waste was not removed for days causing epidemic to spread in the town causing heavy damages. The cleaning of the city was undertaken by the then municipal commissioner S.R.Rao with the help of residents of the city.  

Even after so many calamities and destructions in history, today Suryapur or Surat (The present name of the Town) is the commercial capital of the Gujarat state in India. It stands second in Gujarat and Thirteenth in India for its population count; it also stands third among the clean cities of India.  92% diamond cutting and Polishing in the world is done in Surat. Recently Diamond Studded Gold jeweler manufactured in Surat is gaining popularity in the world. The GDP of Surat is about 12% which is almost double than the GDP of India.
 

History of Vadodara


Vadodara History   
            Formerly known as Baroda, Vadodara is the third largest city in the Indian state of Gujarat.  According to archeological survey history of Vadodara dates back to the 9th century when it was a small village named Ankottaka. During the early years of Christian era the region was under the rule of Gupta dynasty. Then it was Chalukyas who after several fierce battles captured the region and ruled it till the Solanki Rajputs annexed the region to their kingdom. Then the region came under the control of Delhi sultans who ruled it for long time before they were overthrown by the Mughal emperors.
              Baroda was formerly princely state in western India. Modern history of Baroda (Vadodara) dates back to the time of Maratha rule.  Pilaji Gaekwad a general of Maratha captured Songadh in Gujarat from Mughal in 1726. Pilaji Gaekwad brought the Maratha campaign in southern part of Gujarat and conquered Baroda from Babi Nawabs who were ruling there under the Mughal kingdom.  Baroda remained under the rule of Gaekwad from 1734 to 1948. Pilaji Gaekwad was originally assigned the work of collecting the revenue on Maratha’s behalf but he and his descendents went on to carve a separate state form themselves.  Finally they consolidated their rule and managed to become the most powerful kingdom in the region. The treaty with British made Baroda a princely state and permitted Maharajas of Baroda to have the internal political sovereignty with its foreign affairs being controlled by British. Thus a form of suzerainty was established in the kingdom of Baroda. Baroda state witnessed the golden days during the rule of Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad. He ruled Baroda state from 1875 to 1939 and during the period he made every effort to modernize Baroda. He made the primary education compulsory in the state. He also established a university and model textiles and other industrial factories. This helped Baroda to gain the image of modern industrial hub. For his great works the city of Baroda is also sometimes referred as Sayaji Nagari. 
             After the independence of India 1947, the princely state of Baroda was annexed to Indian republic. Earlier (after the independence) it was merged into Bombay state which was in 1960 divided into states namely Gujarat and Maharashtra with Gujarat retaining the region of Baroda. It was in 1974 that the name of Baroda was changed to Vadodara.
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History of Shimla





Shimla is the capital city of Himachal Pradesh and also a popular hill station. The formation of Shimla city began during the British rule. The British take the credit of identifying many hill stations in India. One among them is Shimla.
To trace the history of the city, one would have to begin with the Gurkha occupation. The Gurkhas of Nepal had occupied this region for about a decade. Prithvi Narayan Shah of Nepal had occupied Shimla in 1806.  The region was just a small area which was known for the temple of Shyamala Devi. The time was around 1804. The people of Shimla asked the British to intervene in this matter to free their land from the Gurkha occupation. Around 1815, the British evacuated Gurkha occupation from Shimla and seized the territory. The pact of Sugauli confirmed the ownership of Shimla and the British officers started building their summer houses here.

The first officer to construct a house was Charles Kennedy in 1822. Gradually the region was formed into a proper city. Soon it became the summer capital of the British officers. The Kalka-Shimla railway line was built in 1906 comprising of more than 800 bridges and more than 100 tunnels. Shimla retains most of the British structures (the Auckland house, the Kennedy house and the Viceregal Lodge) intact. In 1972 Shimla was made a district and now it is a part of Himachal Pradesh State.
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History of Raipur




 Raipur, the capital city of Chhattisgarh is considered to be built in the 14th century by Kalchuri King Ram Chandra. In ancient time the region was a part of Maurya dynasty. During 2nd and 3rd century the region was under the rule of Satvahana kingdom. Thereafter the region came under the control of Samudragupta dynasty which ruled it till 6th century.  Later on several kingdoms ruled the region until it came under the control of Kalchuri kings of Tumman. Ratnapur served as the capital place of Kalchuri kings. King Ram Chandra of Kalchuri during his rule established the city of Raipur. He also made Raipur the capital city of his kingdom. There is another story about the foundation of the city of Raipur. According to that the city was founded by Bramhadev Rai the son of Ram Chandra.  The city of Raipur is named after Bramhadev Rai. During his rule in 1402 AD the temple of Hatakeshwar Mahadev was constructed on the bank of Kharun River.

After the decline of Kalchuri kingdom Raipur again witnessed several rules of different dynasty until it came under the control of Bhosale kings. Bhosale kings ruled Raipur for long time before the region came under the rule of British in India. During the rule of British Raipur began to grow rapidly but it was only after the independence of India in 1947 that the city of Raipur witnessed a large scale development and now it has become a major industrial city  of India.


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History of Kanyakumari


Kanyakumari History
       The name Kanyakumari comes from the name of local deity Kumari Amman or Kanyakumari Temple. It is situated in the southernmost tip of Indian continent where the three seas Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal meet. The Travancore Census notes that the Paravars rulers governed the coast and built the Kanyakumari temple for their reverence to the Sea goddess. Epic stories attached to this town goes thus, An extension of Parvati mata, Kanya devi was to marry Lord Shiva, but the lord did not turn up on wedding day, the grains kept for wedding remained uncooked and eventually turned into sand spread on the sea shore. 

Kanya Devi is considered as virgin goddess who blesses the pilgrims and tourists who come to visit the town here. Second legend says that Lord Hanuman dropped a piece of earth while carrying the mountain with important life saving herb to Lanka during the Ram-Ravan war . This has caused the surrounding place to be full of medicinal herbs. Agatha Muni an herbal medicine expert is believed to have lived here. Agastheeswaram is a village near Kanyakumari where Agasthya Muni lived. This is why the nearby places and a small hill nearby have so many herbal plantations. Kanyakumari has been a great center for arts and culture since ages. The place also had good trade links in the past. Christianity and Islam entered here via sea and have a sizeable number of followers now. Jainism is one of the faiths which have contributed in the arts and architecture of the region.       
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History of Coimbatore


 History of Coimbatore 
         The city of Coimbatore was a part of the Sangam Chera kingdom in the Sangam Age (from 3rd BC to 3rd AD) of the Southern Indian History. The Cheras existed even before the Sangam Age. Coimbatore was ruled by the Kongu dynasty (a tribal dynasty) till the Rashtrakutas took over the control. In the later periods Cholas and Pandyas occupied it. 
The region comprising Coimbatore was known as the Kongu Nadu. The region had trade links with the Romans. Around 10th century, the Cholas occupied the region. The Vijayanagara Empire comprising of Madhurai Nayaks ruled over the region around 15th and 16th centuries. Later the Madhurai Nayaks acquired independency and in the later periods the region came under the Mysore rulers (Tipu Sultan). 
The region fell into the hands of the British after the Anglo Mysore wars fought with Tipu Sultan. As it happened through all across the country, Coimbatore (Kongu Nadu region) remained with the British till 1947.  However the growth of the city took a shape during the British rule.
The city is called the Manchester of Southern India due to textile industries. The city experienced famines and earthquakes frequently. But, during the British rule textile mills were introduced in the city. The city has prospered then onwards and now has grown into a major industrial city.
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History of Ooty

 
Once referred as ‘Queen of Hills’ by Pt Jawaharlal Nehru, Ooty is a famous hill town in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.  Udagamandalam is the official name of this beautiful hill town of Ooty. It is located deep in the famous Nilgiri Hills which literally mean the Blue Mountains. Ooty does not have any historical records proving that it was the part of any kingdom. 
Ooty was earlier a tribal land and was mainly inhabited by the Todas community along with other tribes. Todas handed over the land to John Sulliavan who was then serving as the Governor of Coimbatore under the British rule in India. John Sulliavan was highly impressed by the beauty of the land and cooperative nature of the tribal people. It was he who developed the town and planted tea, chinchona and teak trees on large scale there. John Sullivan also worked tirelessly to secure the land rights and conserve the cultural identity of the tribal people. He was later punished for that by the British authority. Thereafter the hill town of Ooty was made the summer capital of the Madras presidency. It became a popular weekend spot and was visited by many British officers. Ooty was under the rule of British until India got independence in 1947. Then  in 1956 it was incorporated in Tamil Nadu state.  Presently hill town of Ooty is major tourist destination attracting thousands of people from across the country.
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History of Nagpur


History of Nagpur

 History of the city of Nagpur, popularly known as the Orange City goes back to 3rd century when the region was under the rule of Rashtrakutas. Vakataka Dynasty which was on good terms with Gupta Dynasty took over the region of Nagpur in 4th century. Prithvisena the first of Vakataka dynasty transferred his capital to Nagardhan which is just 28 km away from Nagpur. There after the region was ruled by Badami Chlukyas and Yadavas kingdom till 1296 when Alludding Khilji attacked the Yadavas dynasty.  In 1317 Nagpur region came under the control of Tughlaq dynasty which ruled it for long. 
It was in 17th century that Mughal Empire captured the region. However, the administration of the region was being managed by Gond Kingdom of Deogarh- Nagpur of Chindwara on the behalf of the Mughal. Chindwara district is presently situated in Madhya Pradesh state. Bakth –Buland of Deogarh-Nagpur kingdom is believed to be the founder of Nagpur city. Chand Sultan was the successor of Deoghar dynasty. He made Nagpur his capital and made Nagpur a walled town. After the death of Chand Sultan in 1739, Wali Shah who was an illegitimate son of Bakth Buland captured the throne. After that the widow of Chand sultan with help of Maratha leader Raghuji Bosale of Berar killed the Wali Shah and established the rightful heir on the throne. Later on the region was ruled by many Maratha rulers. Maratha was defeated by British in the battle of 1817 at Sitabuldi which presently falls in Nagpur city. The defeat of Maratha laid the way for British to rule Nagpur. 
From 1853 to 1861 Nagpur province which consisted of Chinchwada and Chhattisgarh became the part of central province which was administered by commissioner of British central government in India. Nagpur was made the capital of the province. In 1877 Nagpur the saw the county first textile mill being set up by the Tata Group.  The city of Nagpur witnessed the Hindu-Muslim riot which left deep impression on the minds of many people. Among them was K B Hedgewar who founded the RSS with aim of creating a Hindu nation. The organization soon spread to other part of India and is still working in different parts of the country. Nagpur houses the head quarter of RSS. The city of Nagpur witnessed another major event on 14 October 1956 when Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar as a part of his social reform converted to Buddhism with his lakhs of   his dalit followers.  In memory of this event a large memorial (which is now counted as the largest Buddhist Stupa in India) has been built there. The place of the memorial is popularly called as Deeksha Bhoomi. 
After the Independence of India, Nagpur remained capital city of central province known as Madhya Pradesh. It was in 1956 when it was attached to Bombay Province. In 1960 Bombay province was divided into two states Maharashtra and Gujarat with Maharashtra retaining Nagpur as its part.
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